History of the Martian Cryosphere: Is the Ice-cemented Portion of the Cryosphere Groundwater-supply-limited?
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Evidence for stabilization of the ice-cemented cryosphere in earlier martian history: Implications for the current abundance of groundwater at depth on Mars
The present-day martian mean annual surface temperature is well below freezing at all latitudes; this produces a near-surface portion of the crust that is below the freezing point of water for > 2 consecutive years (defined as permafrost). This permafrost layer (i.e., the cryosphere) is a few to tens of km thick depending on latitude. Below the base of the permafrost (i.e., the cryosphere), gro...
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From the Late Noachian period, through the Hesperian, and into the Amazonian periods on Mars, large outflow channels were formed. Many are interpreted to have originated through the catastrophic discharge of groundwater from martian aquifers, involving the release of up to millions of cubickilometers of water. Such a mechanism for outflow channel formation requires that martian aquifers were su...
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[1] The Amazonian-aged 215 km-diameter Lyot crater represents a transient ’drill-hole’ into the martian hydrosphere/cryosphere system. Cratering mechanics predict that the event should have penetrated the cryosphere and released groundwater held under artesian conditions. A plausible explanation for the lack of evidence for hydrologic activity within Lyot is an absence of abundant subsurface gr...
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Introduction: Estimates of the global inventory of water on Mars based on a determination of the amount of water required to erode the outflow channels suggest that a quantity equivalent to a global ocean 0.5 to 1 km deep may be stored in the planet’s subsurface [1, 2]. As this inventory post dates the timing of the most efficient processes that may have lead to its removal, the majority of thi...
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[1] High-resolution altimetry from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) provides new data to test the interpretation that unusual flow-like deposits in Elysium-Utopia were emplaced as lahars (mass flows fluidized by water that are induced by volcanism). Using several data products derived from MOLA altimetry, we confirm that two major types of terrain dominate the region: (1) lava flows and ...
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تاریخ انتشار 2016